liuchuo – 第209页

1096. Consecutive Factors (20)-PAT甲级真题

Among all the factors of a positive integer N, there may exist several consecutive numbers. For example, 630 can be factored as 3*5*6*7, where 5, 6, and 7 are the three consecutive numbers. Now given any positive N, you are supposed to find the maximum number of consecutive factors, and list the smallest sequence of the consecutive factors.

Input Specification:

Each input file contains one test case, which gives the integer N (1<N<231).

Output Specification:

For each test case, print in the first line the maximum number of consecutive factors. Then in the second line, print the smallest sequence of the consecutive factors in the format “factor[1]*factor[2]*…*factor[k]”, where the factors are listed in increasing order, and 1 is NOT included.

Sample Input:
630
Sample Output:
3
5*6*7

题目大意：一个正整数N的因子中可能存在若干连续的数字。例如630可以分解为3*5*6*7，其中5、6、7就是3个连续的数字。给定任一正整数N，要求编写程序求出最长连续因子的个数，并输出最小的连续因子序列～

[Update v2.0] 由github用户littlesevenmo提供的更高效的解法：
不用算连续因子最多不会超过12个，也不需要三重循环，两重循环即可，直接去计算当前部分乘积能不能整除N
分析：1、如果只有一个因子，那么这个数只能为1或者质数。因此我们主要去计算两个及以上因数的情况。
2、在有两个及以上的数连乘中，因数的最大上限为sqrt(N) + 1
3、因此思路就是，不断构造连乘，看连乘的积是否是N的因数，如果是，则看这部分连乘的数的个数是否比已记录的多。
4、用变量first记录连乘的第一个数字，这里我把它赋初值为0，如果在寻找N的因数过程中，first没有改变，那么就表明N是1或者是一个质数～

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
long int num, temp;
int main(){
    cin >> num;
    int first = 0, len = 0, maxn = sqrt(num) + 1;
    for (int i = 2; i <= maxn; i++) {
        int j; 
        temp = 1;
        for (j = i; j <= maxn; j++) {
            temp *= j;
            if (num % temp != 0) break;
        }
        if (j - i > len) {
            len = j - i;
            first = i;
        }
    }
    if (first == 0) {
        cout << 1 << endl << num;
    } else {
        cout << len << endl;
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            cout << first + i;
            if (i != len - 1) cout << '*';
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>

#include <cmath>

using namespace std;

long int num, temp;

int main(){

cin >> num;

int first = 0, len = 0, maxn = sqrt(num) + 1;

for (int i = 2; i <= maxn; i++) {

int j;

temp = 1;

for (j = i; j <= maxn; j++) {

temp *= j;

if (num % temp != 0) break;

}

if (j - i > len) {

len = j - i;

first = i;

}

if (first == 0) {

cout << 1 << endl << num;

} else {

cout << len << endl;

for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {

cout << first + i;

if (i != len - 1) cout << '*';

}

return 0;

}

1081. Rational Sum (20)-PAT甲级真题

Given N rational numbers in the form “numerator/denominator”, you are supposed to calculate their sum.

Input Specification:

Each input file contains one test case. Each case starts with a positive integer N (<=100), followed in the next line N rational numbers “a1/b1 a2/b2 …” where all the numerators and denominators are in the range of “long int”. If there is a negative number, then the sign must appear in front of the numerator.

Output Specification:

For each test case, output the sum in the simplest form “integer numerator/denominator” where “integer” is the integer part of the sum, “numerator” < “denominator”, and the numerator and the denominator have no common factor. You must output only the fractional part if the integer part is 0.

Sample Input 1:
5
2/5 4/15 1/30 -2/60 8/3
Sample Output 1:
3 1/3
Sample Input 2:
2
4/3 2/3
Sample Output 2:
2
Sample Input 3:
3
1/3 -1/6 1/8
Sample Output 3:
7/24

题目大意：给N个有理数（以分子/分母的形式给出），计算这N个数的总和，最后总和要以（整数分子/分母）的形式给出～

分析：先根据分数加法的公式累加，后分离出整数部分和分数部分
分子和分母都在长整型内，所以不能用int存储，否则有一个测试点不通过
一开始一直是浮点错误，按理来说应该是出现了/0或者%0的情况，找了半天也不知道错在哪里，后来注意到应该在累加的时候考虑是否会超出long long的范围，所以在累加每一步之前进行分子分母的约分处理，然后就AC了～
应该还要考虑整数和小数部分都为0时候输出0的情况，但是测试用例中不涉及，所以如果没有最后两句也是可以AC的（PS：据说更新后的系统已经需要考虑全零的情况了～）

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;
long long gcd(long long a, long long b) {return b == 0 ? abs(a) : gcd(b, a % b);}
int main() {
    long long n, a, b, suma = 0, sumb = 1, gcdvalue;
    scanf("%lld", &n);
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        scanf("%lld/%lld", &a, &b);
        gcdvalue = gcd(a, b);
        a = a / gcdvalue;
        b = b / gcdvalue;
        suma = a * sumb + suma * b;
        sumb = b * sumb;
        gcdvalue = gcd(suma, sumb);
        sumb = sumb / gcdvalue;
        suma = suma / gcdvalue;
    }
    long long integer = suma / sumb;
    suma = suma - (sumb * integer);
    if(integer != 0) {
        printf("%lld", integer);
        if(suma != 0) printf(" ");
    }
    if(suma != 0)
        printf("%lld/%lld", suma, sumb);
    if(integer == 0 && suma == 0)
        printf("0");
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>

#include <cstdlib>

using namespace std;

long long gcd(long long a, long long b) {return b == 0 ? abs(a) : gcd(b, a % b);}

int main() {

long long n, a, b, suma = 0, sumb = 1, gcdvalue;

scanf("%lld", &n);

for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

scanf("%lld/%lld", &a, &b);

gcdvalue = gcd(a, b);

a = a / gcdvalue;

b = b / gcdvalue;

suma = a * sumb + suma * b;

sumb = b * sumb;

gcdvalue = gcd(suma, sumb);

sumb = sumb / gcdvalue;

suma = suma / gcdvalue;

}

long long integer = suma / sumb;

suma = suma - (sumb * integer);

if(integer != 0) {

printf("%lld", integer);

if(suma != 0) printf(" ");

}

if(suma != 0)

printf("%lld/%lld", suma, sumb);

if(integer == 0 && suma == 0)

printf("0");

return 0;

}

1063. Set Similarity (25)-PAT甲级真题

Given two sets of integers, the similarity of the sets is defined to be Nc/Nt*100%, where Nc is the number of distinct common numbers shared by the two sets, and Nt is the total number of distinct numbers in the two sets. Your job is to calculate the similarity of any given pair of sets.

Input Specification:

Each input file contains one test case. Each case first gives a positive integer N (<=50) which is the total number of sets. Then N lines follow, each gives a set with a positive M (<=104) and followed by M integers in the range [0, 109]. After the input of sets, a positive integer K (<=2000) is given, followed by K lines of queries. Each query gives a pair of set numbers (the sets are numbered from 1 to N). All the numbers in a line are separated by a space.

Output Specification:

For each query, print in one line the similarity of the sets, in the percentage form accurate up to 1 decimal place.

Sample Input:
3
3 99 87 101
4 87 101 5 87
7 99 101 18 5 135 18 99
2
1 2
1 3
Sample Output:
50.0%
33.3%

题目大意：给定两个整数集合，它们的相似度定义为：Nc/Nt*100%。其中Nc是两个集合都有的不相等整数的个数，Nt是两个集合一共有的不相等整数的个数。你的任务就是计算任意一对给定集合的相似度。nc是两个集合的公共元素个数，nt是两个集合的所有包含的元素个数（其中元素个数表示各个元素之间互不相同）

分析：因为给出的集合里面含有重复的元素，而计算nc和nt不需要考虑两个集合里面是否分别有重复的元素，所以可以直接使用set存储每一个集合，然后把set放进一个数组里面存储。当需要计算集合a和集合b的相似度nc和nt的时候，遍历集合a中的每一个元素，寻找集合b中是否有该元素，如果有，说明是两个人公共的集合元素，则nc++，否则nt++（nt的初值为b集合里面本有的元素）

#include <cstdio>
#include <vector>
#include <set>
using namespace std;
int main() {
    int n, m, k, temp, a, b;
    scanf("%d", &n);
    vector<set<int>> v(n);
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        scanf("%d", &m);
        set<int> s;
        for(int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
            scanf("%d", &temp);
            s.insert(temp);
        }
        v[i] = s;
    }
    scanf("%d", &k);
    for(int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
        scanf("%d %d", &a, &b);
        int nc = 0, nt = v[b-1].size();
        for(auto it = v[a-1].begin(); it != v[a-1].end(); it++) {
            if(v[b-1].find(*it) == v[b-1].end())
                nt++;
            else
                nc++;
        }
        double ans = (double)nc / nt * 100;
        printf("%.1f%%\n", ans);
    }
    return 0;
}

#include <cstdio>

#include <vector>

#include <set>

using namespace std;

int main() {

int n, m, k, temp, a, b;

scanf("%d", &n);

vector<set<int>> v(n);

for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

scanf("%d", &m);

set<int> s;

for(int j = 0; j < m; j++) {

scanf("%d", &temp);

s.insert(temp);

}

v[i] = s;

}

scanf("%d", &k);

for(int i = 0; i < k; i++) {

scanf("%d %d", &a, &b);

int nc = 0, nt = v[b-1].size();

for(auto it = v[a-1].begin(); it != v[a-1].end(); it++) {

if(v[b-1].find(*it) == v[b-1].end())

nt++;

else

nc++;

}

double ans = (double)nc / nt * 100;

printf("%.1f%%\n", ans);

}

return 0;

}

1040. Longest Symmetric String (25)-PAT甲级真题（动态规划）

Given a string, you are supposed to output the length of the longest symmetric sub-string. For example, given “Is PAT&TAP symmetric?”, the longest symmetric sub-string is “s PAT&TAP s”, hence you must output 11.

Input Specification:

Each input file contains one test case which gives a non-empty string of length no more than 1000.

Output Specification:

For each test case, simply print the maximum length in a line.

Sample Input:
Is PAT&TAP symmetric?
Sample Output:
11

分析：dp[i][j]表示s[i]到s[j]所表示的字串是否是回文字串。只有0和1，递推方程为：

1 当s[i] == s[j] : dp[i][j] = dp[i+1][j-1]

2 当s[i] != s[j] : dp[i][j] =0

3 边界：dp[i][i] = 1, dp[i][i+1] = (s[i] == s[i+1]) ? 1 : 0因为i、j如果从小到大的顺序来枚举的话，无法保证更新dp[i][j]的时候dp[i+1][j-1]已经被计算过。因此不妨考虑按照字串的长度和子串的初试位置进行枚举，即第一遍将长度为3的子串的dp的值全部求出，第二遍通过第一遍结果计算出长度为4的子串的dp的值…这样就可以避免状态无法转移的问题

首先初始化dp[i][i] = 1, dp[i][i+1]，把长度为1和2的都初始化好，然后从L = 3开始一直到 L <= len 根据动态规划的递归方程来判断

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int dp[1010][1010];
int main() {
    string s;
    getline(cin, s);
    int len = s.length(), ans = 1;
    for(int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        dp[i][i] = 1;
        if(i < len - 1 && s[i] == s[i+1]) {
            dp[i][i+1] = 1;
            ans = 2;
        }
    }
    for(int L = 3; L <= len; L++) {
        for(int i = 0; i + L - 1 < len; i++) {
            int j = i + L -1;
            if(s[i] == s[j] && dp[i+1][j-1] == 1) {
                dp[i][j] = 1;
                ans = L;
            }
        }
    }
    printf("%d", ans);
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int dp[1010][1010];

int main() {

string s;

getline(cin, s);

int len = s.length(), ans = 1;

for(int i = 0; i < len; i++) {

dp[i][i] = 1;

if(i < len - 1 && s[i] == s[i+1]) {

dp[i][i+1] = 1;

ans = 2;

}

for(int L = 3; L <= len; L++) {

for(int i = 0; i + L - 1 < len; i++) {

int j = i + L -1;

if(s[i] == s[j] && dp[i+1][j-1] == 1) {

dp[i][j] = 1;

ans = L;

}

printf("%d", ans);

return 0;

}

L2-008. 最长对称子串-PAT团体程序设计天梯赛GPLT

对给定的字符串，本题要求你输出最长对称子串的长度。例如，给定”Is PAT&TAP symmetric?”，最长对称子串为”s PAT&TAP s”，于是你应该输出11。

输入格式：

输入在一行中给出长度不超过1000的非空字符串。

输出格式：

在一行中输出最长对称子串的长度。

输入样例：
Is PAT&TAP symmetric?
输出样例：
11

分析：有两种可能，一种是回文字符串的长度为奇数，一种是偶数的情况。i为字符串当前字符的下标。
当回文字串为奇数的时候，j表示i-j与i+j构成的回文字串长度；当回文字串长度为偶数的时候，j表示i+1左边j个字符一直到i右边j个字符的回文字串长度～
用maxvalue保存遍历结果得到的最大值并且输出～

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
    string s;
    getline(cin, s);
    int maxvalue = 0, temp;
    int len = s.length();
    for(int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        temp = 1;
        for(int j = 1; j < len; j++) {
            if(i - j < 0 || i + j >= len || s[i - j] != s[i + j])
                break;
            temp += 2;
        }
        maxvalue = temp > maxvalue ? temp : maxvalue;
        temp = 0;
        for(int j = 1; j < len; j++) {
            if(i - j + 1 < 0 || i + j >= len || s[i - j + 1] != s[i + j])
                break;
            temp += 2;
        }
        maxvalue = temp > maxvalue ? temp : maxvalue;
    }
    cout << maxvalue;
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {

string s;

getline(cin, s);

int maxvalue = 0, temp;

int len = s.length();

for(int i = 0; i < len; i++) {

temp = 1;

for(int j = 1; j < len; j++) {

if(i - j < 0 || i + j >= len || s[i - j] != s[i + j])

break;

temp += 2;

}

maxvalue = temp > maxvalue ? temp : maxvalue;

temp = 0;

for(int j = 1; j < len; j++) {

if(i - j + 1 < 0 || i + j >= len || s[i - j + 1] != s[i + j])

break;

temp += 2;

}

maxvalue = temp > maxvalue ? temp : maxvalue;

}

cout << maxvalue;

return 0;

}

1020. Tree Traversals (25)-PAT甲级真题（后序中序转层序）

Suppose that all the keys in a binary tree are distinct positive integers. Given the postorder and inorder traversal sequences, you are supposed to output the level order traversal sequence of the corresponding binary tree.

Input Specification:

Each input file contains one test case. For each case, the first line gives a positive integer N (<=30), the total number of nodes in the binary tree. The second line gives the postorder sequence and the third line gives the inorder sequence. All the numbers in a line are separated by a space.

Output Specification:

For each test case, print in one line the level order traversal sequence of the corresponding binary tree. All the numbers in a line must be separated by exactly one space, and there must be no extra space at the end of the line.

Sample Input:
7
2 3 1 5 7 6 4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Sample Output:
4 1 6 3 5 7 2

题目大意：给定一棵二叉树的后序遍历和中序遍历，请你输出其层序遍历的序列。这里假设键值都是互不相等的正整数。

分析：与后序中序转换为前序的代码相仿（无须构造二叉树再进行广度优先搜索～），只不过加一个变量index，表示当前的根结点在二叉树中所对应的下标（从0开始），所以进行一次输出先序的递归过程中，就可以把根结点下标index及所对应的值存储在map<int, int> level中，map是有序的会根据index从小到大自动排序，这样递归完成后level中的值就是层序遍历的顺序～～

如果你不知道如何将后序和中序转换为先序，请看：https://www.liuchuo.net/archives/2090

#include <cstdio>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
using namespace std;
vector<int> post, in;
map<int, int> level;
void pre(int root, int start, int end, int index) {
    if(start > end) return ;
    int i = start;
    while(i < end && in[i] != post[root]) i++;
    level[index] = post[root];
    pre(root - 1 - end + i, start, i - 1, 2 * index + 1);
    pre(root - 1, i + 1, end, 2 * index + 2);
}
int main() {
    int n;
    scanf("%d", &n);
    post.resize(n);
    in.resize(n);
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) scanf("%d", &post[i]);
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) scanf("%d", &in[i]);
    pre(n-1, 0, n-1, 0);
    auto it = level.begin();
    printf("%d", it->second);
    while(++it != level.end()) printf(" %d", it->second);
    return 0;
}

#include <cstdio>

#include <vector>

#include <map>

using namespace std;

vector<int> post, in;

map<int, int> level;

void pre(int root, int start, int end, int index) {

if(start > end) return ;

int i = start;

while(i < end && in[i] != post[root]) i++;

level[index] = post[root];

pre(root - 1 - end + i, start, i - 1, 2 * index + 1);

pre(root - 1, i + 1, end, 2 * index + 2);

}

int main() {

int n;

scanf("%d", &n);

post.resize(n);

in.resize(n);

for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) scanf("%d", &post[i]);

for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) scanf("%d", &in[i]);

pre(n-1, 0, n-1, 0);

auto it = level.begin();

printf("%d", it->second);

while(++it != level.end()) printf(" %d", it->second);

return 0;

}